Excavator, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti makina ofukula mabwinja, ndikusuntha kwa dziko makina omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ndowa kukumba zinthu pamwamba kapena pansi pa malo onyamula katundu ndikuzikweza m'galimoto yonyamula katundu kapena kuzitsitsa kumalo osungiramo katundu.Nthawi ino tidasanthula mwatsatanetsatane kachitidwe koyenda kafukufuku ndi zolakwika zomwe wamba.
1. Excavator kuyenda dongosolo
(1) Mawonekedwe a chipangizo choyenda
Chifukwa chipangizo choyendera chili ndi ntchito ziwiri zothandizira ndikugwiritsa ntchito chofufutira cha hydraulic, chipangizo choyendera cha hydraulic excavator chiyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira izi momwe zingathere:
1. Iyenera kukhala ndi mphamvu yaikulu yoyendetsa galimoto, kotero kuti wofukulayo ali ndi ntchito yabwino yodutsa, kukwera ntchito ndi chiwongolero chowongolera pamene akuyenda pamtunda wonyowa kapena wofewa kapena wosagwirizana.
2 Poganizira kuti sichikuwonjezera kutalika kwa zida zothamangira, chofufutiracho chimakhala ndi malo okulirapo kuti apititse patsogolo magwiridwe antchito ake pamtunda wosafanana.
3. Chipangizo choyendayenda chimakhala ndi malo okulirapo othandizira kapena kupanikizika kochepa kwapansi kuti apititse patsogolo kukhazikika kwa chofufutira.
4. Pamene chofukula chimapita pansi pamtunda, chodabwitsa cha kutsetsereka ndi kutsetsereka kwachangu sichidzachitika, kuti chiteteze chitetezo cha excavator.
5. Miyeso yonse ya chipangizo choyenda iyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira pamayendedwe apamsewu.
Chida choyenda cha hydraulic excavator chikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: chokwawa chamtundu ndi mtundu wa tayala molingana ndi kapangidwe kake.
(2) Zofukula ndi matayala
1. Chipangizo choyenda chamtundu wa Crawler
Chipangizo choyenda chamtundu wa crawler chimapangidwa ndi "mawilo anayi ndi lamba limodzi" (Idler, top roller, track roller, sprocekt rim, track link assy), chipangizo chopumira ndi buffer kasupe, makina oyenda, chimango choyendera, ndi zina zambiri. Kuthamanga, gudumu loyendetsa galimoto limayendetsa Yin ndi kuyika Yin (yothandizira Yin) kumbali yolimba ya njanji kuti apange mphamvu yokoka, pofuna kukoka njanji kuchokera pa njanji yodzigudubuza, chifukwa njanji pansi pa gudumu ili ndi zomatira zokwanira. mpaka pansi., kuteteza kukoka-kunja kwa njanji, kukakamiza pagalimoto gudumu yokulungira njanji, ndi gudumu kalozera kuyala njanji pansi, kotero kuti excavator kuthamanga patsogolo pa njanji njanji ndi wodzigudubuza.
2. Chida choyenda chamtundu wa magudumu.Pali mitundu yambiri yamapangidwe amtundu wa matayala oyendera ma hydraulic excavator.Pali ma chassis a thirakitala amawilo omwe amagwiritsa ntchito chassis yamagalimoto wamba, koma kukumba kwa matayala amtundu wa hydraulic okhala ndi chidebe chokulirapo pang'ono komanso magwiridwe antchito apamwamba amatengera zida zapadera zamatayala.
1) Palibe zotulutsa, mawilo onse amasuntha, chosinthira chimakonzedwa pakati pa ma axles awiri, ndipo ma axles awiri ali ndi gudumu lomwelo.Ubwino wake ndiwakuti zotulukapo zimasiyidwa, mawonekedwe ake ndi osavuta, ntchitoyo ndi yabwino pamasamba ocheperako, komanso kuyendetsa bwino.Choyipa ndichakuti chitsulo chowongolera chimakhala ndi chodula chachikulu pomwe chofufutira chikuyenda, ndipo chiwongolerocho chimakhala chovutirapo kapena chida chothandizira ma hydraulic chiyenera kukhazikitsidwa.Choncho, kachipangizo koyendera kamangidwe kameneka ndi koyenera kokha kwa ofukula tayala ang'onoang'ono a hydraulic.
2) Zotulutsa pawiri, zoyendetsa mawilo onse, chosinthira chimakondera mbali imodzi ya axis yokhazikika (kumbuyo).Makhalidwe ake ndi: kuchepetsa katundu wa chitsulo chowongolera ndikupangitsa kuti chiwongolerocho chikhale chosavuta;otuluka amaikidwa pambali ya shaft yokhazikika kuti atsimikizire kukhazikika kwa chofufutira panthawi yogwira ntchito.Kachipangizo koyenda kameneka kanagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafukula ang'onoang'ono amtundu wa hydraulic.
3) Miyendo inayi, imodzi-axis drive, turntable ili kutali ndi pakati.Makhalidwe ake ndi: kukhazikika bwino.Choyipa ndichakuti: kuyendetsa pamtunda wofewa kumapanga maenje a magudumu atatu, kukana kuyendetsa kumawonjezeka, ndipo kukhazikika kwapakati pa atatu fulcrum chassis ndi osauka.Choncho, chipangizo chamtundu woterechi ndi choyenera kwa ofukula ang'onoang'ono okha.
4) Miyendo inayi, magudumu onse, chosinthira chili pafupi ndi mbali ya chitsulo chokhazikika (m'mbuyo).Makhalidwe ake ndi: zosavuta kugwira ntchito, zofunikira zochepa pansi.
Awiri wofala kusanthula zolakwika ndi kuthetsa mavuto
1. Liwiro la injini limatsika
Choyamba, yesani mphamvu linanena bungwe la injini palokha.Ngati mphamvu yotulutsa injiniyo ndi yotsika kuposa mphamvu yomwe idavoteledwa, chifukwa chakulephera kungakhale mafuta otsika, kuthamanga kwamafuta ochepa, chilolezo cholakwika cha valve, silinda inayake ya injini sikugwira ntchito, nthawi yojambulira mafuta ndiyolakwika, mafuta Kuyika kwa kuchuluka kwachulukidwe ndikolakwika, makina otengera mpweya akuwuka, brake ndi chokokera chake ndizolakwika, ndipo turbocharger ndi coke.
2. Ngati mphamvu yotulutsa injini ndi yachibadwa, muyenera kuyang'ana ngati zofukizira chifukwa kuthamanga kwa pampu ya hydraulic sagwirizana ndi mphamvu ya injini.Kuthamanga kwa hydraulic excavator kumagwirizana mosagwirizana ndi kupsinjika koyipa panthawi yogwira ntchito, ndiye kuti, zomwe zimatuluka komanso kuthamanga kwa pampu kumakhala kosalekeza, ndipo mphamvu yotulutsa mpope imakhala yokhazikika kapena pafupifupi nthawi zonse.Ngati makina owongolera a pampu alephera, mphamvu yabwino yofananira ndi injini, pampu ndi valavu m'malo osiyanasiyana ogwira ntchito sizingachitike, ndipo chofufutira sichingagwire ntchito moyenera.Kulephera kotereku kuyenera kuyamba ndi makina amagetsi, kenaka yang'anani ma hydraulic system, ndipo pomaliza yang'anani njira yotumizira makina.
3. Wofukulayo alibe mphamvu
Kufukula mopanda mphamvu ndi chimodzi mwa zolakwika zomwe anthu ofukula amakumba.Kufooka pakufukula kungagawidwe m'mitundu iwiri: imodzi ndi kufooka pakukumba, injini siyigwira galimoto, ndipo katunduyo ndi wopepuka kwambiri:
Mtundu wachiwiri ndi kufooka pakukumba.Pamene boom kapena ndodo italikitsidwa pansi, injini imatsamwitsidwa kwambiri kapena ngakhale kuyimitsidwa.
1. Kufukula kwachepa koma injini siyigwira galimoto.Kukula kwa mphamvu yokumba kumatsimikiziridwa ndi mphamvu yotulutsa pampu yayikulu, ndipo ngati injiniyo yaphwanyidwa zimatengera ubale womwe ulipo pakati pa kuyamwa kwa pampu yamafuta pa kabati yozungulira ndi ma torque a injini.Mfundo yakuti injini siimaima, imasonyeza kuti pampu yamafuta imatenga kabati yaing'ono yozungulira ndipo injiniyo imakhala yochepa.Ngati palibe cholakwika chodziwikiratu pa liwiro logwira ntchito la chofufutira, kuthamanga kwambiri kwa pampu yayikulu, ndiko kuti, kuthamanga kwa dongosolo kusefukira, kuyenera kuyang'aniridwa.
2. Ngati mtengo woyezera wa kuthamanga kwa kusefukira ndi wotsika kuposa mtengo womwe watchulidwa, umasonyeza kuti mtengo wokhazikika wa valve yochepetsera kwambiri ya hydraulic circuit ya makinawo ndi yolakwika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti makinawo awonongeke msanga ndikugwira ntchito mofooka. .Ndiye makina akhoza kusinthidwa ndi kutembenuza screw screw.
3. Kufukula kuli kofooka, ndipo injini imayima.Kuyika kwa injini kukuwonetsa kuti mayamwidwe a pampu yamafuta ndi akulu kuposa ma torque a injini, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti injiniyo idutse.Kulephera kotereku kuyenera kuyang'ana kaye ngati makina ozindikira liwiro la injini ndi abwinobwino, ndipo njira yoyendera ndiyofanana ndi njira yoyendera injini yomwe tafotokozayi.Pambuyo poyang'anitsitsa mwatsatanetsatane ndi kuthetsa mavuto, makina ozindikira liwiro la injini amabwerera kuntchito yake, zochitika za injini zimasowa, ndipo mphamvu yokumba imabwerera mwakale.
4. Zolakwika zofala pakufukula, zolakwika zina zomwe zimachitika nthawi zambiri muzofukula pa ntchito yomanga, monga: wofukula amathamangira, chifukwa chake chingakhale chakuti chisindikizo cha mafuta oyendayenda (chomwe chimatchedwanso kuti center rotary). joint oil seal) chawonongeka: hydraulic cylinder Rapid kutayikira kungatanthauze kuti valavu yothandizira chitetezo sichimatsekedwa mwamphamvu, kapena chisindikizo chamafuta cha cylinder chawonongeka kwambiri, etc.
5. Kukonzekera kwa tsiku ndi tsiku kwa chofukula Pofuna kupewa kulephera kwa chofukula, m'pofunika kumvetsera kwambiri kusungirako zofukula pa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku.
Kusamalira tsiku ndi tsiku kumaphatikizapo kuyang'ana, kuyeretsa kapena kusintha chinthu cha fyuluta ya mpweya: kuyeretsa mkati mwa dongosolo lozizira: kuyang'ana ndi kukhwimitsa mabawuti a nsapato za njanji: kuyang'ana ndikusintha kuthamanga kwa njanji kumbuyo: kuyang'ana chowotcha mpweya: kusintha mano a ndowa: kusintha kutulutsa chidebe: kuyang'ana zenera lakutsogolo Kuyeretsa mulingo wamadzimadzi: Yang'anani ndikusintha chowongolera mpweya;kuyeretsa pansi mu kabati;sinthani chinthu chosefera chophwanyira (chosankha).
Pali zolakwa zambiri zomwe ofukula amakumana nazo pantchito zatsiku ndi tsiku.Pano ndikungoyamba kumene njira zosungiramo zolakwa zingapo, ndipo cholinga chake ndi kuchepetsa zochitika za zolakwika, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pakukonza tsiku ndi tsiku kwa zofukula.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-27-2022
