Kulankhula za Excavator(1)

kulankhula za Excavator(1)

Amatchedwa makina olemera omanga, ofukula, omwe amadziwikanso kuti makina ofukula, omwe amadziwikanso kuti excavator, Ndi makina oyendetsa nthaka omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ndowa kukumba zinthu pamwamba kapena pansi pazitsulo ndikuzikweza m'galimoto kapena kutsitsa. ku malo osungiramo katundu.

Zida zofukulidwa ndi zofukula zimakhala makamaka dothi, malasha, silt, nthaka ndi thanthwe pambuyo pa kumasulidwa kusanachitike.Kutengera kukula kwa makina omanga m'zaka zaposachedwapa, chitukuko cha zofukula zimakhala mofulumira, ndipo zofukula zakhala chimodzi mwa zofunika kwambiri. makina omanga mu zomangamanga zomangamanga.Zigawo zitatu zofunika kwambiri za chofukula: kulemera kwa ntchito (misa), mphamvu ya injini ndi mphamvu ya ndowa.

Amagawidwa mu zofukula zamkati zamoto ndi zofukula zamagetsi molingana ndi njira yoyendetsera, malinga ndi njira yoyendetsera, imatha kugawidwa kukhala zofukula za crawler ndi zofukula zamawilo.

Malinga ndi njira yopatsirana, imathanso kugawidwa m'ma hydraulic excavators ndi zokumba zamakina, Ngati malinga ndi ndowa, ili ndi mayendedwe awiri: migodi yakutsogolo ya fosholo, kukumba kwa backhoe.

Kulemera kwa ntchito ndi chimodzi mwa magawo atatu ofunikira a chofufutira (mphamvu ya injini, mphamvu ya ndowa, kulemera kwa ntchito),Kulemera kwa ntchito kumatsimikizira mlingo wa chofukula ndikusankha malire apamwamba a mphamvu yakukumba ya wofukula.

Kukumba mphamvu≦m;

Kugwira ntchito kulemera m: kumamatira kokwanira pakati pa nthaka ndi chokwawa, Ngati mphamvu yokumba iposa malire awa, ngati backhoe, wofukulayo amazembera ndikukokera kutsogolo, zomwe ndizoopsa kwambiri.Mu mkhalidwe fosholo, ndi excavator adzakhala skid backwards.Kukumba mphamvu, chifukwa kukumba mphamvu, kukumba mphamvu makamaka ogaŵikana m'manja kukumba mphamvu ndi chidebe kukumba mphamvu.

Zochita za mphamvu ziwiri zokumba ndizo mizu ya dzino la chidebe (mlomo wa ndowa), koma mphamvu ndi yosiyana.Mphamvu yakukumba yakutsogolo imachokera ku silinda yam'manja;mphamvu yakukumba chidebe imachokera ku silinda yamafuta a ndowa.

Kuthamanga kwapadera kwa nthaka, kukula kwa kupanikizika kwapadera kumapangitsa kuti nthaka ikhale yoyenera kuti wofukula agwire ntchito. = kulemera kwa ntchito ÷ dera lonse lokhudzana ndi nthaka,Tsatirani nsapato, ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa nsapato zoyenera pamakina.Kwa ofukula zokwawa, njira yosankha chokwawa ndi: Ngati n'kotheka, yesani kugwiritsa ntchito nsapato zopapatiza kwambiri.

Mitundu ya njanji yodziwika bwino: nsapato zokhala ndi mano, nsapato zosalala, nsapato zoyandama, Liwiro loyenda, zofukula zokwawa, nthawi yoyenda imakhala pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo khumi a nthawi yonse yogwira ntchito.

Nthawi zambiri, maulendo awiri amatha kukumana ndi ntchito yoyenda ya excavator.Traction force, traction force imatanthawuza mphamvu yopangidwa ndi chofufutira pamene ikuyenda, zomwe makamaka zimadalira galimoto yoyendayenda ya excavator. wa chokumba ndi luso lake kuyenda.Ikhoza kuwonetsedwa mu zitsanzo za opanga osiyanasiyana.

Kutha kukwera, kutsika, kapena kuyima pamalo otsetsereka olimba. Njira ziwiri zoyimira: ngodya, kuchuluka, kukweza mphamvu, kukweza mphamvu kumatanthawuza kucheperako komwe kudavotera kokhazikika kokweza kapena mphamvu yokweza ma hydraulic. Adavotera mphamvu yokweza yokhazikika: 75% ya katundu wothira, ovotera mphamvu yokweza ma hydraulic: 87% ya mphamvu yokweza ma hydraulic

Liwiro la kugwedezeka limatanthauza liwiro lalikulu lomwe wofukula angafikire pakugwedezeka kokhazikika pamene chofufutiracho chikutsitsidwa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti liwiro lodziwika bwino la kupha, osati poyambira, kapena pokwera mabuleki; ndiko kuti, osati liwilo lothamangitsidwa la kuthamanga kapena kutsika. .Pa ntchito yofukula wamba, pamene chofukula ichi chikugwira ntchito mu 0 ° mpaka 180 °, chowotcha chimathamanga kapena kutsika, ndipo chikatembenukira ku 270 ° mpaka 360 °, liwiro lakupha limakhala lokhazikika. ntchito yofukula, liwiro lozungulira lomwe tafotokoza pamwambapa silingatheke.

Ndiko kuti, ntchito yeniyeni yogwedezeka yofunikira ndi kuthamanga / kutsika komwe kumasonyezedwa potengera mphamvu yamagetsi. Mphamvu ya injini, mphamvu yaikulu ya akavalo imatanthawuza mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imayesedwa pa injini ya flywheel popanda zipangizo zowononga mphamvu monga ma mufflers, mafani, ma alternators ndi zosefera mpweya. Mphamvu zogwira ntchito (maukonde okwera pamahatchi) zimatanthawuza mphamvu yotuluka yomwe imayesedwa pa gudumu la injini ndi zida zonse zowononga mphamvu monga ma mufflers, mafani, ma alternator ndi zosefera za mpweya zomwe zaikidwa.

Kuyeza kwa phokoso, phokoso la excavator makamaka limachokera ku injini.Mitundu iwiri ya phokoso: muyeso wa phokoso pa khutu la wogwiritsa ntchito, muyeso wa phokoso kuzungulira makina