The Choyamba(1), maziko pasanthula mwa kutanthauzirakufufuza
TheExcavator,omwe amadziwikanso kuti makina ofukula (makina ofukula), omwe amadziwikanso kuti excavator, ndi makina oyendetsa dziko lapansi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ndowa kuti afukule zinthu pamwamba kapena pansi pazitsulo ndikuzikweza m'galimoto yonyamula katundu kapena kuzitsitsa kumalo osungirako katundu.
Zida zofukulidwa ndi wofukula zimakhala makamaka dothi, malasha, silt, nthaka ndi thanthwe pambuyo pa kumasula.Tikayang'ana pa chitukuko cha makina omanga m'zaka zaposachedwa, chitukuko cha zofukula chimakhala chachangu, ndipo zofukula zakhala imodzi mwamakina ofunikira kwambiri pakumanga zomangamanga.Zigawo zitatu zofunika kwambiri za excavator: kulemera kwa ntchito (misa), mphamvu ya injini ndi ndowa, mphamvu ya ndowa.
Thechotengera, monga momwe dzinalo limatanthawuzira "kukweza", ntchito yake ndikuyika nthaka pagalimoto, wofukula amathanso kuchita izi koma osati bwino ngati katundu, bulldozing ndi mzere wapakatikati wa loader, ndipo chotengeracho chimakhala ndi matayala, choncho akhoza kuthamanga pamsewu, Excavators, bulldozers ndi mitundu ina yokwawa imatha kunyamulidwa ndi ma trailer kuti asamutse malo ogwirira ntchito, kotero pali zofunikira zambiri zapadera pa galimoto yonyamula katundu., makina opangira nthaka ndi miyala a ntchito yomanga monga madoko ndi migodi.
The Chachiwiri(2),maziko pamwamapangidwefufuzani
Excavator: Zomwe zimapangidwira zofukula zimaphatikizirapo magetsi, chipangizo chogwirira ntchito, makina ophera, makina ogwiritsira ntchito, makina opatsirana, makina oyenda ndi zipangizo zothandizira, ndi zina zotero. pampu ya hydraulic ya zida zogwirira ntchito kukankhira chipangizo chogwira ntchito kuti chimalize ntchito zosiyanasiyana.
Loader: kuphatikiza injini, chosinthira makokedwe, gearbox, ma axles akutsogolo ndi kumbuyo, otchedwa magawo anayi akulu.
TheChachitatu(3), maziko pa Ntchito kuti mufufuze
Excavator: Zinthu zofukulidwa nthawi zambiri zimakhala dothi, malasha, silt, dothi ndi thanthwe pambuyo potayika kale.Tikayang'ana pa chitukuko cha makina omanga m'zaka zaposachedwa, chitukuko cha zofukula chimakhala chachangu, ndipo zofukula zakhala imodzi mwamakina ofunikira kwambiri pakumanga zomangamanga.
Loader: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pofosholo, kukweza, kutsitsa, kusuntha nthaka ndi zinthu zambiri monga miyala.Ikhozanso kuchita maopaleshoni opepuka pamiyala ndi dothi lolimba.Ngati musintha zida zogwirira ntchito zosiyanasiyana, mutha kumalizanso ntchito ya bulldozing, kukweza, kutsitsa ndi kutsitsa zida zina.Pakumanga misewu yayikulu, imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka podzaza ndi kukumba uinjiniya wamisewu, kuphatikiza ndikukweza phula ndi bwalo la konkire ya simenti.
Chachinayi(4), maziko pakusiyana kwamagulu kuchokera ku chitsanzokufufuza
Ofukula: akhoza kugawidwa muzofukula zazikulu, zofukula zapakati, zofukula zazing'ono, zofukula zowonongeka, zofukula magudumu, zofukula za hydraulic, zofukula zamakina, zofukula migodi, zofukula zam'madzi, zofukula zapadera, etc. magulu osiyanasiyana.
Loaders: Malinga ndi mphamvu ya injini, amatha kugawidwa m'mapaketi ang'onoang'ono, onyamula apakati ndi onyamula akuluakulu.
Gulu la Excavator
Zofukula zikhoza kugawidwa mu mafosholo kutsogolo, backhoes, kuukoka-mizere ndi litenge mafosholo.Mafosholo akutsogolo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kukumba zinthu pamwamba pa nthaka, ndipo ma backhoes amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kukumba zinthu pansi.
Backhoes Backhoes ndizofala kwambiri zomwe tidaziwonapo, ndi kumbuyo-pansi, kudulidwa mokakamiza.Ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito pofukula pansi pa malo ogwirira ntchito.Njira zazikulu zogwirira ntchito ndi izi: kukumba dzenje, kukumba m'mbali mwa dzenje, kukumba mizere yowongoka, kukumba mokhotakhota, kukumba ndi ngodya inayake, kukumba ngalande mozama kwambiri komanso kukumba motsetsereka.
Wofukula fosholo wakutsogolo
The fosholo kanthu mawonekedwe a kutsogolo fosholo excavator.Makhalidwe ake ndi "kupita patsogolo ndi m'mwamba, kudula nthaka mokakamiza".Fosholo yakutsogolo imakhala ndi mphamvu yokumba kwambiri ndipo imatha kukumba dothi pamwamba pa malo oyimitsa.Ndikoyenera kukumba maenje owuma a maziko okhala ndi utali wopitilira 2m, koma makwerero okwera ndi otsika ayenera kukhazikitsidwa.Chidebe cha fosholo yakutsogolo ndi chachikulu kuposa chofufutira cha backhoe chofanana, ndipo chimatha kukumba zinthu zomwe zili ndi madzi osapitilira 27%.
Galimoto yotayirayo imathandizana kumaliza ntchito yonse yokumba ndi kuyendetsa, ndipo imathanso kukumba maenje akulu akulu owuma ndi zitunda.Njira yofukula ya fosholo yakutsogolo imachokera ku kusiyana pakati pa njira yofukula pansi ndi malo oyandikana nawo a galimoto yoyendera.Pali njira ziwiri zokumba ndi kutsitsa: kukumba kutsogolo ndi kutsitsa m'mbali;kutsogolo kukumba ndi kubweza Kutsitsa nthaka.
Kokani mzerewofukula
Mizere yokoka imatchedwanso mizere yokoka.Makhalidwe a kukumba kwake ndi: "kumbuyo ndi pansi, kudula nthaka pansi pa kulemera kwake".Ndioyenera kukumba dothi la Class I ndi II pansi pa malo oyimitsa.Pogwira ntchito, chidebecho chimaponyedwa kunja ndi mphamvu zopanda mphamvu, ndipo mtunda wokumba ndi waukulu kwambiri, ndipo malo okumba ndi kukumba kwakuya ndi kwakukulu, koma siwosinthasintha komanso molondola monga backhoe.Makamaka oyenera kukumba maenje akulu ndi akuya a maziko kapena kukumba pansi pamadzi.
Loaderndi mtundu wa makina opanga miyala ndi miyala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mumsewu waukulu, njanji, zomangamanga, mphamvu zamagetsi, doko, mgodi ndi ntchito zina zomanga.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pofosholo zinthu zambiri monga dothi, mchenga, laimu, malasha, etc. , nthaka yolimba, etc. pofukula mafosholo opepuka.Itha kuchitanso bulldozing, kukweza ndi kukweza ndi kutsitsa zinthu zina monga matabwa posintha zida zosiyanasiyana zothandizira.M'misewu, makamaka pomanga misewu yayikulu, zonyamula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kudzaza ndikukumba uinjiniya wa misewu, kuphatikizira ndikukweza kusakaniza kwa phula ndi bwalo la simenti.Kuphatikiza apo, imathanso kugwira ntchito monga kukankha dothi, kukanda pansi komanso kukoka makina ena.Chifukwa chojambuliracho chimakhala ndi maubwino othamanga mwachangu, kuchita bwino kwambiri, kuyendetsa bwino, komanso kugwira ntchito kosavuta, yakhala imodzi mwamitundu yayikulu yomanga pansi pakupanga zomangamanga.
TheChachisanu(5), maziko pakusiyanitsa ndi ntchitokufufuza
Excavator: Chofukula ndi galimoto yaukadaulo yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pofukula kapena kusuntha zinthu zazikulu.
Loader: Chojambuliracho chimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pofosholo, kukweza, kutsitsa, kusuntha nthaka ndi zinthu zambiri monga miyala, komanso amatha kuchita ntchito zopepuka zofosholo pamiyala ndi dothi lolimba.Ngati musintha zida zogwirira ntchito zosiyanasiyana, mutha kumalizanso ntchito ya bulldozing, kukweza, kutsitsa ndi kutsitsa zida zina.Pakumanga misewu yayikulu, imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka podzaza ndi kukumba uinjiniya wamisewu, kuphatikiza ndikukweza phula ndi bwalo la konkire ya simenti.
TheChachisanu ndi chimodzi(6), maziko pazigawo zikuluzikulukufufuza
Excavator: Zopangira zofukula wamba zikuphatikizapo magetsi, chipangizo chogwirira ntchito, makina ophera, makina ogwiritsira ntchito, makina opatsirana, makina oyenda ndi zipangizo zothandizira.Zigawo zazikulu za chofukula chassis ndi: ma roller, idlers, sprockets, mano oyendetsa, nsapato zama track, ndi misonkhano ya njanji.
Loader: kuphatikiza injini, chosinthira makokedwe, gearbox, ma axles akutsogolo ndi kumbuyo, otchedwa magawo anayi akulu.
Ntchito ndi yosiyana.The loader makamaka ntchito fosholo zochulukira zinthu monga dothi, mchenga, laimu, malasha, etc. The excavator ntchito ndowa kukumba zinthu pamwamba kapena pansi pamwamba pa makina, ndi kunyamula mu galimoto zonyamulira kapena kutsitsa lapansi. - kusuntha makina kupita ku stockyard.Zida zofukulidwa makamaka ndi dothi, malasha, silt, nthaka ndi thanthwe pambuyo pomasulidwa.Mapangidwe ndi mfundo zake ndizosiyana kwambiri.
Zofukula, zomwe zimapangidwa mwapadera kuti zifufuzidwe, koma zimatha kunyamulidwa
Chojambuliracho chimapangidwira mwapadera kuti chizitsekula.Sangagwiritsidwe ntchito pokumba.Kutsegula kwa excavator sikothamanga ngati chotsitsa.
Zofukula zimagwira ntchito pansi pa nthaka, pamene ma forklift nthawi zambiri amagwira ntchito pamwamba pa nthaka.Chofukulacho chimakhala ndi mphamvu zodutsa ndipo ndi yoyenera malo omwe magalimoto sangathe kupita ngati migodi.Forklift ndi yosinthika kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri imatha kuyendayenda pamsewu.
An excavator ndi makina oyendetsa dziko lapansi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ndowa kukumba zinthu pamwamba kapena pansi pa makina, ndikuzikweza m'galimoto yonyamula katundu kapena kuzitsitsa kumalo osungirako katundu.Zofukula ndi imodzi mwamakina ofunikira kwambiri pamakina omanga pakupanga uinjiniya.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pofukula maziko omanga ndi ma workshop, kukumba zida zadothi, kuchotsa zolemetsa zaminda yamigodi, miyala, machubu, ma workshops mobisa ndi nkhokwe.Panthawi yonyamula katundu, kukumba ngalande, ngalande ndi kukumba madzi, kuthira ndi kukweza pambuyo posintha zida zogwirira ntchito.
Nthawi zambiri,Loader ndi mtundu wa makina opanga miyala ndi miyala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mumsewu waukulu, njanji, zomangamanga, mphamvu yamadzi, doko, mgodi ndi ntchito zina zomanga.Izo makamaka ntchito fosholo Mumakonda dothi, mchenga, laimu, malasha ndi zina chochuluka zipangizo.Itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati fosholo yopepuka komanso pokumba pamiyala ndi dothi lolimba.Itha kuchitanso bulldozing, kukweza ndi kukweza ndi kutsitsa zinthu zina monga matabwa posintha zida zosiyanasiyana zothandizira.M'misewu, makamaka pomanga misewu yayikulu, zonyamula katundu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito podzaza ndi kufukula uinjiniya wa ma roadbed, kuphatikiza ndi kutsitsa osakaniza a asphalt ndi bwalo la simenti.Kuphatikiza apo, imathanso kugwira ntchito monga kukankha dothi, kukanda pansi komanso kukoka makina ena.Chifukwa chojambuliracho chimakhala ndi maubwino othamanga mwachangu, kuchita bwino kwambiri, kuyendetsa bwino, komanso kugwira ntchito kosavuta, yakhala imodzi mwamitundu yayikulu yomanga pansi pakupanga zomangamanga.
Zonsezi ndi ntchito za nthaka, ndipo chidebe cha chofufutira (chomwe chimadziwika kuti makina opangira mbedza) chikhoza kupita pansi pa mzere wopingasa.Chidebe cha chonyamula chikhoza kukhala pamwamba pa mzere wopingasa.Kusiyana pakati pa awiriwa ndikuti ali ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana ndipo nthawi zina amatha kusinthana.Pali mitundu yambiri ya iliyonse.Nthawi zambiri, zinthu zambiri pa ndege yopingasa zimayikidwa pa chonyamulira, chomwe chimakhala ndi chidebe chachikulu, kuyenda kosasunthika, kuyendetsa bwino kwambiri komanso chuma chabwino.Komabe, kukweza zinthu ndi kukumba ntchito pansi pamlingo kungatheke kokha ndi zofukula.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-18-2022
